Plumley

Detailed Table of Contents
Title Page
Note on Usage (including fonts)
Introduction
Table of Contents
Chapter I. The Alphabet
Letters and Pronunciation	§1
Notes on the Letters
g, d and z	§2
q, c, f, x, y	§3
i and u (the semivowels)	§4
The Seven Letters Derived from Demotic	§5
Older unused consonants	§6
The Vowels	§7
The Diphthongs	§8
Non-diphthongs	§9
Change of Consonants
n before b, m and p	§10
s before `	§11
Contractions	§12
Metathesis	§13
Change of Vowels
w after m or n	§14
o before 6 or 4 (representing old h)	§15
Contraction of Vowels	§16
Chapter II. Syllables and Words
Definition	§17
Kinds	§18
Accent or tone	§19
Tone Shift	§20
Compound nouns	§21
Induced vocalic changes	§22
The Superlinear Stroke or Syllable Marker	§23
Nouns ending in -e in conjunction with another word	§24
Three Forms or Vowel Structures	§25
The Absolute Form	§26
The Construct Form	§27
The Pronominal Form	§28
Word Division
Word Division (MSS)	§29
Word Division (Printed)	§30
Long Superlinear Stroke	§31
Abbreviated Greek Words	§32
Greek Words Spelled Phonetically	§33
Punctuation	§34
Chapter III. Morphology
I. Nouns (non-verbal forms)
Pronouns
The Suffix Pronouns	§35
Uses After Prepositions	§36
As Subject of Verbal Auxiliaries	§37
As Possessives	§38
Forms of the Suffix (1^stposs sing)	§39
2^nd fem sing	§40
3^rd fem sing	§41
2 com pl	§42
3 com pl -ou	§43
3 com pl -sou	§44
The Independent Pronouns	§45
Uses of Independent Pronoun	§46
Pronoun of Emphasis or Contrast	§47
Absolute Forms of the Possessive Pronoun	§48
Absolute as Substantive	§49
The Possessive Adjective	§50
The Possessive Article	§51
The Demonstrative Pronoun	§52
Absolute Form	§53
Construct Form with et.m-mau	§54
Interrogative Pronouns	§55
Nouns
Gender
General Rule	§56
Exceptions	§57
Formed from 3 m/f sing Verb	§58
Compound Nouns	§59
Prefixes
Noun Prefixes
Common	§60
Other Noun Prefixes	§61
Verb Prefixes	§62
Particle Prefixes	§63
Collectives, serial, profession	§64
Number
General	§65
Masculine Plurals
Nouns ending in -o	§66
Nouns ending in -e
Plural -hu	§67
Plural -eeu	§68
Long Vowel Preceding Ending in -t	§69
Irregular	§70
Short Vowel Preceding Ending in -t	§71
Plural Formed by Adding -e	§72
Plural Formed by Moving Tone	§73
Broken Plural	§74
Irregular	§75
Feminine Plurals
Ending in -e	§76
Ending in -h	§77
Ending in -w	§78
Irregular	§79
Chapter IV. The Article
The Definite Article	§80
Position	§81
Forms	§82
With time words	§83
To express the vocative	§84
The Indefinite Article	§85
Uses of Indefinite Article	§86
With Nouns of Substance or Material	§87
Omission of Article
In Compound Words
Two Nouns	§88
Noun Linked to Preceding Verbal Form	§89
Linked by Preposition	§90
Enumerating Nouns	§91
In Negative Sentences Expecting a Negative Answer	§92
In Precise Adverbial Phrases	§93
With Nouns Taking Suffixes	§94
Misconstrued Words	§95
Apposition	§96
The Genitive
History	§97
Linkage by the Particle n-	§98
Linkage by the Particle nte-	§99
nte with Qualified Nouns	§100
The Adjective
Relative Clause for Adjective	§101
Number and Gender	§102
Ending in -e	§103
The Adjective as Substantive	§104
Position
(1) Noun in Absolute	§105
(2) Noun in Construct	§106
(3) Linked by n- (most common)	§107
(4) Before the Noun	§108
Concord	§109
thr=, ouaa= and mauaa=	§110
ke	§111
Combined with oua and laau	§112
Before Noun and Preceded by Definite or Possessive Article	§113
Comparison
Comparative	§114
The Superlative	§115
Chapter V. The Numerals
Sahidic and Bohairic Practice	§116
The Cardinal Numbers	§117
Formation of Composite Numerals
11 through 99
Juxtaposition	§118
Combination Through mn-	§119
Hundreds and Thousands
Construct and Absolute Forms	§120
Tens Followed by Hundreds	§121
Ciphers with and without mn-	§122
Syntax of the Cardinal Numbers
General	§123
Notes on the Numeral One	§124
Notes on the Numeral Two	§125
Distributive Usage	§126
Fractions	§127
Multiplication	§128
The Ordinal Numbers
Formation	§129
Adjectival Usage	§130
Notation of Time
General	§131
The Month	§132
The Day	§133
Lesser Divisions of Time	§134
Dating
Early	§135
After the Arab Conquest	§136
Chapter VI. The Verb
Structure
The Two Forms	§137
The Infinitive
Formation	§138
Meaning	§139
Forms	§140
The Qualitative	§141
Qualitative only verbs	§142
Meaning	§143
With nhu as a Future	§144
As Substitute for the Adjective	§145
Chapter VII. Verb Classes 1
General Remarks	§146
Abbreviations Describing Classes	§147
Class I: 2 Lit	§148
Mixed 2 Lit/3 Lit Verbs	§149
2 Lit Verbs Without Initial Consonant	§150
2 Lit Verbs Without Final Consonant	§151
Monosyllabic Irregular Verbs (3 Lit forms in r)	§152
Class II: 2 Lit Gem	§153
Class III: 2 Lit	§154
Verbs ending in e	§155
Middle Weak Verbs	§156
Model knos	§157
Model 4lhl	§158
Model ou`ai	§159
Formative Vowel a in Last Syllable	§160
Two Verbs with Formative Vowel o	§160a
Chapter VIII. Verb Classes 2
Class IV: 3 Lit Inf
Formation and Model 4ike	§161
Common Verbs	§162
Model ra4e	§163
Model kn-ne	§164
Model pwwne	§165
Class V:
Formation	§166
Model br-br-	§167
Class VI: 4 Lit Inf	§168
Class VII: 5 Lit	§169
Class VII: Doubled Vowel after 1^st Radical	§170
Causative Verbs
General Remarks, Formation with s-	§171
Verbs with ` as the 1^st Radical	§172
Formation with Prefix t-
Formation Verbs with Feminine Form in Qual Coalescence to Form q	§173
	§174
	§175
Elision of Prefix t-	§176
Compound Verbs	§177
Greek Verbs
Formation	§178
Phonetic Spelling of Greek Verbs	§179
Chapter IX. Conjugation
Old Egyptian Method	§180
Three Survivors
pe`e	§181
Adjective Verbs	§182
naiat=, ‘Blest’	§183
Existential Verbs oun ‘To be’ and mn- ‘Not to be’	§184
Conjugation by Auxiliaries
General	§185
Forms of the Auxiliaries	§186
Durative and Limitative Tenses
Table of Pronominal Forms, Durative Tenses	§188
Present Tenses
I Present	§189
With Undefined Subject	§190
Uses of I Present	§191
II Present	§192
Negation of the Present	§193
The Imperfect
Definition	§194
With the Particle pe	§195
Negation of the Imperfect	§196
The Circumstantial
Form and Function	§197
Introducing a Second Verb	§197a
Negation of the Circumstantial	§198
Chapter X. Limitative Tenses
Composition and Nature	§199
Table of Pronominal Forms, Limitative Tenses	§199a
Perfect Tenses
The Perfect (I Perfect)	§200
Negation of I Perfect	§201
II Perfect
Description	§202
Negation of the II Perfect	§203
Tenses of Habitude
General and I Habitude	§204
Negation of I Habitude	§205
II Habitude	§206
Negation of II Habitude	§207
Future Tenses
Origin and Form	§208
I and II Future
I Future	§209
With `pi or `pe	§210
II Future	§211
Future Circumstantial	§212
Negation of I and II Future	§213
Future Imperfect	§214
Negation of Future Imperfect	§215
III Future	§217
Negation of III Future	§218
IV Future	§219
The Optative	§220
Negation of the Optative	§221
Tenses of Unfulfilled Action
Table	§222
Auxiliary 4ant.3-.swtm-	§223
Auxiliary m-pat.3--.swtm-	§224
Chapter XI. The Conjunctive
Table of Forms	§225
Uses of the Conjunctive	§226
The Conjunctive after Verbs of Wishing, Commanding, Allowing	§227
The Conjunctive in Direct Speech	§228
The Conjunctive with Greek Conjunctions	§229
Negation of the Conjunctive	§230
Compound Tenses, Auxiliaries, ‘Until’, Pluperfect	§231
Impersonal Verbs
Generally	§232
ouon and m-mon	§233
With ounte=, mn-te=	§234
Position of the Object	§235
Adverbial m-mau	§235n
Nominal Object Introduced by n-	§236
6aps	§237
The Imperative
Form	§238
Preserved Old Imperative Forms	§239
Irregular Verbs	§240
Second Imperative Replaced by Conjunctive	§241
Negation of the Imperative	§242
The Infinitive
Uses of the Infinitive	§243
Negation of the Infinitive	§244
The Simple Infinitive
Followed by the Genitive	§245
Following 6n-	§246
Following 6n-	§247
The Anarticular Infinitive
As Subject	§248
As Genitive	§249
As Direct Object in Compound Verbs	§250
After Prepositions	§251
n-- as Object after Certain Verbs	§252
The Potential Infinitive	§253
The Causative Infinitive
Usage	§254
Preceded by Auxiliaries	§255
Preceded by a Preposition	§256
Preceded by mn-.n-.sa	§257
With 6n-	§258
The Passive	§259
Chapter XII. Particles
Prepositions
Types: Simple Prepositions	§260
e-, ero= (2 pl erwtn-)	§261
n-- and m-mo-	§262
n-- and na=	§263
mn-- and nm-ma=	§264
oube-, oubh=	§265
oute-, outw=	§266
4a-, 4aro=	§267
6i-, 6iw(w)=	§268
6a-, 6aro=	§269
6ht=	§270
6n--, n-.6ht=	§271
Compound Prepositions
Formation	§272
Listing
Compounds with e-	§273
etbe-, etbhht=	§274
Compounds with n-	§275
Compounds with 6a-	§276
Compounds with 6i-	§277
a`n-- (e`n--), a`n-t- (e`n-t=)	§278
`in-	§279
Greek Prepositions Used in Coptic	§280
Chapter XIII. The Adverb
Formation	§281
Adverbial Phrases
With e-	§282
With n--	§283
With 6n--	§284
With Other Adverbs	§285
Greek Adverbs	§286
Conjunctions
General	§287
List by Function	§289
Notes on Conjunctions
auw	§290
auw on	§291
`n-, `en-	§292
n-to3, 6ww3, -2e, n-tooun	§293
`e
General	§294
Usage	§295
Interjections
eis, eis.6hte (6hhne, 6hhpe), ouoi, 6amoi	§296
6a(e)io, m-pwr	§297
Chapter XIV. Syntax
The Sentence
Types	§298
The Verbal Sentence
Form	§299
Groups	§300
Group I: Subject Stands First
1st or 2nd Person Subject	§301
Strengthening of Subject	§302
Formation of Adjectival Predicate Equivalent	§303
Predicate is an Adverb or Equivalent
With Normal Subject	§304
With Pronominal Subject	§305
Group II: Predicate Stands First
Description	§306
When Subject Expressed by a Noun	§307
Concord of Particle and Pronominal Subject	§308
Emphasis by Order	§309
Past Tense of the Non-Verbal Sentence	§310
Circumstantial Use of the Non-Verbal Sentence	§311
Negation of the Non-Verbal Sentence
Method	§312
Predicate Only Negated	§313
Remarks on the Non-Verbal Sentence	§314
The Verbal Sentence
Description	§315
The Durative Verbal Sentence	§316
The Limitative Verbal Sentence	§317
Word Order in the Verbal Sentence
Normal	§318
With the Dative
When the Dative is Pronominal	§319
When the Object is Pronominal	§320
The Subject
The Normal Position	§321
Use of Pronominal Forms of Auxiliaries	§322
Emphasis through Interjection	§323
Representation by Pronominal Auxiliary	§324
Use of n-2i- after the Causative Infinitive	§325
The Object
The Direct Object
Position and Form	§326
Use of e-, ero=	§327
Use with n-, m-mo=
Older Form/Newer Form with n-, m-mo=	§328
Oblique Object
Oblique Object/Indirect Object	§329
Greek Verbs	§330
e-, ero= with Verbs of Perception or Mental Action	§331
With Intransitive Verbs	§332
Summary	§332a
Emphasis of the Object	§333
The Adverb
Position
Normal Position	§334
Exceptions	§335
As Near-Compound Verbs	§336
Chapter XV. Forms of Speech
Direct and Indirect Speech	§337
Coordination of Sentences	§338
Greek Conjunctions	§338a
Commands and Prohibitions	§339
Wishes	§340
Questions
Forms (Description)	§341
As a Statement to Be Understood as a Question	§342
With an Interrogative Pronoun or Adverb Before or After the Verb	§343
At the Beginning of the Sentence: a4, nim, a6ro=, etbe.ou, ouhr	§344
After the Verb: ou, twn, e.twn, ebol twn, tnau, 4a.tnau	§345
With an Interrogative Particle Beginning the Sentence	§346
Double Questions
Linkage: `n-, `n-- m-mon	§347
Expected Answer	§348
Indirect Questions	§349
Relative Clauses
Types	§350
With Undefined Antecedent	§351
Non-Verbal	§352
Use of the Resumptive Pronoun	§353
Negation	§354
With Defined Antecedent	§355
Using et-	§356
Using etere-	§357
When the Subject of the Relative Clause is Pronominal	§358
When the Relative Clause Contains an Imperfect or Tense of Habitude	§359
Before the Perfect Tense	§360
When the Relative Clause Contains a Negative Statement	§361
When the Relative Clause Contains oun or (m)mn--	§362
When the Relative Clause Contains a Non-Verbal Sentence with pe, te or ne	§363
Remarks on Relative Clauses
Omission of the Relative Pronoun	§364
Use of et- with Consecutive Relative Clauses	§365
When Used in a Descriptive Sense	§366
When Preceded by a Non-Verbal Sentence	§367
The Relative Substantive	§368
Chapter XVI. Adverbial Clauses
Final Clauses
Simple Form	§369
Introduced by the Conjunction `e, `eka(a)s	§370
With the Greek Conjunctions 6wste, mhpws, mhpote	§371
Conjunctive without Introductory Conjunction	§372
Causal Clauses	§373
Conditional Clauses
Types	§374
Real Conditional Clauses
Open
Defined	§375
Introduced by eie	§376
Prospective Conditions
Defined	§377
Negation	§378
Introduced by e4wpe in the Protasis	§379
Irreal Conditions
Defined	§380
With e4wpe Introducing the Apodosis	§381
Remarks on the Conditional Clause
Order of Components	§382
Except, Unless	§383
With a Concessive Force	§384
Temporal Clauses
Types
Circumstantial	§385
With Reference to a Point in Time	§386
Past Temporal Clauses
Past Temporal Auxiliary and Negation	§387
`in- Followed by II Perfect	§388
mn-.n-.sa + Causative Infinitive	§389
e.a.3.swtm- and e.m-p.3.swtm-	§390
Contemporaneous Temporal Clauses	§391
6m-.p.tre.3.swtm-	§392
Prospective Temporal Clauses
er4an and 6otan	§393
To Express a Temporal Clause With Reference to the Future	§394
4ant.3.swtm- and m-pat.3-.swtm-	§395
Negation
Three Methods	§396
1. Negative Particles: n- . . . an	§396.1
(Uncommon in Qual)	§397
2. Negative Auxiliaries	§398
3. tm--	§399